Classical and modern creativity techniques

Matrix of the main creativity techniques

I. Three pillars of  activating creativity

1. Classical Brainstorming (Alex Osborn).       
A widely known method is where a group generates ideas by freely expressing their thoughts without criticism. The focus is on quantity, not quality, the generation of a large number of ideas and building upon each other’s ideas to encourage creativity and problem-solving.
2. Synectics (William Gordon).
A method that involves making analogies and connections between seemingly unrelated concepts or objects to generate new ideas. It encourages thinking beyond the obvious and exploring different perspectives. It promotes creative thinking and uncovers new views on solving complex problems, by deliberately using analogies and metaphors within a carefully selected small group of diverse individuals.

3. Morphological Analysis (Fritz Zwicky).
This method involves breaking down a problem or challenge into its constituent parts and exploring all possible combinations and variations. It aims to generate a wide range of potential solutions by systematically examining different elements and their relationships.
This method is based on the construction of a matrix, in which on the vertical axis all the main parameters of the object are listed, and on the horizontal one the greatest possible number of variants of their realization is indicated. The combination of the received variants of object elements leads to the generation of creative ideas and solutions.

1. Classical brainstorming

1.1.  Structure and procedures difference

1. Reverse (Negative) Brainstorming.
 A variation of brainstorming where participants identify and generate ideas for the opposite or reverse of the desired outcome.
1.1. Reverse brainstorming: Focuses on generating ideas for causes or factors that contribute to the problem instead of solutions. By identifying the negative aspects, participants can gain insights into the problem and find alternative approaches.
1.2. Negative Brainstorming: In this method, participants generate ideas that intentionally oppose the desired outcome. Exploring what not to do, it stimulates thinking about unconventional approaches and fosters creativity.
2. Combined Brainstorming.
Methods that involve combining or integrating different brainstorming techniques to maximize idea generation and explore various dimensions of the problem.

2.1. Double brainstorming: Conduct two separate brainstorming sessions on the same topic, allowing participants to generate ideas independently and then merge the results to expand the range of possibilities.
2.2. Reverse and classical (direct) brainstorming: Alternating between reverse brainstorming (generating ideas for the opposite) and classical brainstorming (generating ideas for the desired outcome) to stimulate diverse thinking and encourage innovative solutions.
2.3. Reverse-Classical (direct)-Reverse brainstorming: Combining reverse brainstorming, classical brainstorming, and reverse brainstorming again in sequence. This method provides a comprehensive exploration of ideas by considering the opposite, the desired outcome, and then the opposite again.
2.4. Shuttle Brainstorming: Participants move between two or more brainstorming sessions, each with a different focus or perspective. This method encourages dynamic thinking and facilitates the generation of diverse ideas.
3. Question  Brainstorming.
Instead of generating ideas directly, participants focus on formulating and answering questions related to the problem. It prompts critical thinking and helps identify key issues or possibilities that can lead to innovative solutions.
4. Stop-And-Go Brainstorming: This method involves intermittent idea generation and reflection periods. Participants generate ideas for a set time, pause to review and reflect on the generated ideas, and then continue the process. It allows for deeper exploration and evaluation of ideas.
5. Gordon-Little Variation (Progressive Revelation technique): was suggested by William Gordon in the 1950s (named by VanGundy, in 1981 as the Gordon-Little technique).
A technique that introduces ideas gradually to the participants, revealing only a portion of an idea or problem at a time. This approach stimulates curiosity, engagement, and incremental idea development.
6. Rawlinson Brainstorming (J. G. Rawlinson, 1970): A method that incorporates the use of random stimuli, such as pictures or objects, to trigger associations and generate creative ideas. It encourages participants to think beyond their usual boundaries and explore unconventional connections.
7. Kaleidoscope Brainstorming Technique (KBS) or Multiple Mind Conferencing (MMC): A silent brainstorming technique where participants independently generate ideas in writing, which are then circulated among the group for review and further development. It allows for individual reflection and promotes a diverse range of ideas.
8. Wildest Idea Technique: Encourages participants to come up with the most imaginative and unconventional ideas without any limitations or restrictions. This technique stimulates out-of-the-box thinking and opens up possibilities that might not be considered otherwise.
9. Individual Brainstorming: A solo brainstorming approach where individuals generate ideas independently. It allows for uninterrupted thinking, personal exploration, and the freedom to express ideas without external influence.
10. Brainwriting: Similar to individual brainstorming, participants write down their ideas individually, and the written ideas are shared, built upon, and developed collectively. It promotes a non-intimidating environment for idea generation and encourages contribution from all participants.
11. Individual brainwriting: A variation of brainwriting where participants write down their ideas individually and silently, without any verbal interaction. It ensures equal participation, minimizes biases, and allows for independent thinking and creativity.
Variation: Write a list of 101 ideas.

1.2. Group techniques

1. Group Brainwriting  Technique: A collaborative brainstorming method where participants write down their ideas on paper individually and then pass their ideas to other group members for further development. It promotes idea-sharing, and diversity and builds upon the collective knowledge of the group.
2. Brainwriting Pool (BP) Battelle Institute of Frankfurt, Germany: An approach where participants write their ideas on individual cards or slips of paper and place them in a central pool. Each participant then randomly selects ideas from the pool and builds upon them. It encourages idea exploration and cross-pollination of thoughts.
3. The Gallery Method: In this method, ideas or solutions are presented visually, such as on posters or display boards, allowing participants to browse and provide feedback or build upon existing ideas. It encourages visual thinking and collaboration.
3.1. Post-It Note Brainstorming: Participants write their ideas on sticky notes, which are then posted on a board or wall. Ideas can be easily rearranged, grouped, or expanded upon, fostering a visual and interactive brainstorming process.
3.2. Display Brainstorming: Ideas are displayed on boards or flipcharts, and participants can move around the room, adding their input, and comments, or building upon existing ideas. It facilitates engagement, interaction, and creative collaboration.
3.3. Brainwalking: Similar to gallery-style brainstorming, Brainwalking involves participants physically moving between stations or displays, adding their ideas, insights, or feedback at each station. It encourages physical movement and different perspectives.
4.  6-3-5 Brainwriting(also known as the 6-3-5 Method, or Method 635) was developed by  Bernd Rohrbach (1968): A structured brainstorming technique where participants individually write down six ideas within a set time limit, then pass their sheet to the next participant, who builds upon the existing ideas. The process continues for several rounds, resulting in a significant number of ideas generated collectively.
5. Brainwriting Game: A creative game-like approach to brainstorming, where participants take turns writing down ideas on a shared sheet of paper. The game element adds a fun and interactive element to the brainstorming process.
6. Constrained Brainwriting: A variation of brainwriting where specific constraints or guidelines are provided to participants, such as using specific words, themes, or limitations. It encourages focused thinking within defined parameters and stimulates innovative solutions.
6.1. Cued brainwriting: Participants are provided with prompts or cues to guide their idea-generation process. The cues can be words, images, or questions that inspire and direct thinking.
6.2. Structured brainwriting: A method that involves providing participants with a predefined structure or template for organizing their ideas. It helps bring structure to the brainstorming process and enhances idea clarity and organization.
7. Round-Robin and Roundtable Brainstorming (Spencer Kagan, 1992).
Methods that involve sequential idea generation by participants in a structured manner, ensuring equal participation and minimizing dominance.
7.1. Round-Robin Technique (The verbal version): Each participant takes turns sharing one idea at a time, moving around the group in a circular fashion. It ensures everyone has an opportunity to contribute and prevents ideas from being overlooked.
7.2. Roundtable Brainstorming (the written version): Participants pass around a sheet of paper or a notebook, and each person adds their ideas or comments in a round-robin fashion. It allows for written contributions, promotes equal participation, and builds upon each other’s ideas.
a) One paper version.
b) Stack of cards version.
c) Small group version.
d)  Sequencing version.
8. Group Passing Technique.

A method where participants rotate their ideas among group members, either through passing papers or discussing ideas in a structured manner. It encourages idea exchange, diversity, and collective problem-solving.
8.1. One idea and many papers version: Participants write down one idea on a sheet of paper and pass it to the next person, who adds their input. This process continues, generating multiple iterations of ideas.
8.2. The same piece of paper and many ideas version: Participants share a single sheet of paper and add their ideas in a sequential or simultaneous manner, building upon each other’s contributions.
8.3. Idea Book Technique: Participants pass around a shared idea book, where each person adds their ideas or comments. It provides a centralized platform for idea generation and collaboration.
9. Nominal Group Technique: (A. L. Delbecq, A. H. VandeVen, 1971): A structured method where participants individually generate ideas, which are then shared and discussed in a structured manner. It combines both individual thinking and group discussion to foster creativity and decision-making.
10. The Buzz Session (J.D. Phillips, 1948): A method that involves a high-energy, fast-paced group discussion where participants generate and share ideas rapidly. It encourages spontaneous thinking, generates a large number of ideas, and promotes creative energy within the group.
Variation: Phillips 66 Buzz Session: A modified version of the Buzz Session, where participants generate ideas in groups of six people within a limited time frame. The groups rotate every six minutes, ensuring a dynamic flow of ideas.
11. Rolestorming Technique (R. E. Griggs, 1985, described by VanGundy (1988): Participants take on different roles or personas related to the problem or challenge at hand and generate ideas from those perspectives. It promotes fresh insights, empathy, and the exploration of alternative viewpoints.
12. Rotating roles.
In this method, participants take turns assuming different roles within a brainstorming session, such as the facilitator, note-taker, or idea generator. It encourages active engagement and a variety of contributions from each participant.
13. Blue Slips Technique (C. C. Crawford, 1920s): Participants write down their ideas on blue slips of paper, which are then collected, mixed, and redistributed. Each participant then builds upon the ideas received, stimulating idea development and cross-pollination.
14. The Pin Card Technique (Battelle Institute, H. Geschka et al., 1981): Participants write their ideas on index cards or sticky notes and pin them to a board or display. The ideas can be grouped, sorted, and visually organized, facilitating a structured and visual brainstorming process.
15. The K-J Method (Affinity Diagram) (Jiro Kawakita, 1960s): A method of organizing and categorizing ideas by grouping them based on their natural relationships or common themes. It helps in identifying patterns, connections, and priorities among ideas.
16. Snowballing Technique: Participants start with a core idea or concept and then build upon it incrementally, adding layers of ideas or expanding on existing ones. It promotes iterative idea development and encourages participants to think in-depth about a central concept.

1.3. Brainstorming combined with other famous  techniques

1. Team Idea Mapping.
A collaborative method where a team collectively generates ideas and visually maps them on a large board or paper. It encourages collaboration, idea expansion, and the identification of relationships between ideas.
2. The Classic Cluster Brainstorming Method (The Bubble Method): Participants generate ideas individually, and then these ideas are clustered or grouped based on their similarity or relatedness. It helps in organizing ideas and identifying key themes or categories.
3. Card Story Boards: Participants write their ideas or key points on individual cards and arrange them in a storyboard fashion. It allows for the visual sequencing of ideas, storytelling, and the exploration of narrative-based solutions.
4. Trigger Method (J. E. Bujake, 1969). Participants are provided with specific triggers, such as keywords, images, or prompts, to spark idea generation. It serves as a catalyst for creative thinking and helps overcome mental blocks or barriers.
5. Imaginary Brainstorming: Participants are encouraged to imagine unrealistic or fantastical ideas without limitations or constraints. It fosters imagination, stretches boundaries, and stimulates innovative thinking.
6. Air Cliché ( Arthur B. Vangundy).
A technique that involves using clichéd phrases or common expressions as prompts to generate fresh and creative ideas. It challenges participants to think beyond the ordinary interpretations of familiar phrases.
7. Battelle-Buildmappen-Brainwriting (BBB) (Battelle Institute in Frankfurt, Germany, J. N Warfield, H. Geschka and R. Hamilton, 1975): A combination of brainstorming and brainwriting techniques where participants generate ideas individually and then share and develop them collectively. It promotes diverse idea generation and collaboration.
8. Visual Brainstorming.
A method that utilizes visual elements, such as drawings, diagrams, or sketches, to generate and communicate ideas. It taps into visual thinking and enhances the exploration of non-verbal representations of concepts.
9. Rightbraining: A technique that encourages participants to tap into their right brain hemisphere, associated with creativity and intuition, to generate imaginative and unconventional ideas. It promotes holistic thinking, metaphoric exploration, and sensory-rich ideas.

10. Braindrawing.
A method that involves using drawing or sketching as a means of idea generation and communication. It allows for a visual representation of concepts, encourages visual thinking, and stimulates creative associations.

These methods offer a range of approaches to activate creativity, encourage collaboration, and generate innovative ideas.
11. Brain Sketch (A. VanGundy, 1988): A technique that involves visually sketching or drawing ideas as a means of generating and communicating creative concepts. It taps into visual thinking and provides a different perspective for idea development.
12. Electronic Brainstorming, Online Brainstorming or Brainlining (Peter Lloyd).
The use of digital platforms or software to facilitate collaborative idea generation and sharing. Participants can contribute their ideas simultaneously or asynchronously, allowing for a broader range of perspectives and increased participation.
13. Directed Brainstorming: A structured approach to brainstorming where participants follow specific guidelines or constraints to focus their idea generation. It encourages targeted thinking, problem-solving, and the exploration of specific angles or perspectives.
14. The Military Brainstorming Version (part of “Appreciation Process”): A variation of brainstorming developed within military contexts, where participants apply critical thinking and strategic considerations to generate innovative ideas. It emphasizes a systematic and analytical approach to idea generation.
15. Variable Brainstorming: A method that involves modifying different variables, such as time limits, group sizes, or brainstorming techniques, to explore how these variations impact idea generation. It helps identify optimal conditions for creativity and idea development.
16. Highlighting: A technique where participants review existing documents, texts, or ideas and highlight or extract key elements or concepts. These highlighted elements then serve as the basis for generating new ideas or solutions.
17. Value Brainstorming: Participants generate ideas that align with specific values or principles, such as ethical considerations, sustainability, or social impact. It encourages idea generation that reflects and upholds certain core values or beliefs.
18. Didactic Brainstorming: A method that combines brainstorming with didactic or instructional elements, such as providing background information, case studies, or examples. It enhances idea generation by leveraging knowledge and context to spark creative thinking.
18. Best Idea Brainstorming: Participants focus on generating the best possible ideas rather than a large number of ideas. It encourages critical thinking, evaluation, and the development of high-quality solutions.
19. Brainstorming Deluxe (Greg Bachman, 2000): An approach that combines various brainstorming techniques and tools to create a comprehensive and tailored brainstorming experience. It allows for customization based on the specific needs and goals of the brainstorming session.

2. Synectics

• Developing of creative vision.
• Synectics’ technology: theoretical background, principles and techniques.
• Methods of organizing and optimizing synectic sessions.

3. Morphological analysis

• Technology of morphological analysis: methodological background, principles and techniques.
• Morphological analysis of problems and objects.
• Methods of constructing the “Morphological matrix”.
• Modern versions and related techniques:
1. Attribute Listing, Attribute Association Technique (R. Crawford, A. VanGundy): A method that involves identifying and listing the attributes or characteristics of a problem or challenge. Participants then associate each attribute with potential ideas or solutions, leveraging the attributes as prompts for creative thinking.
2. SCIMITAR system (J. Carson): A systematic approach to idea generation that combines brainstorming with the use of SCIMITAR cards. The acronym stands for Substitute, Combine, Magnify/Minify, Isolate, Transfer, Add, and Rearrange. Participants use these prompts to generate novel ideas by applying these different creative techniques.
3. Component Detailing Technique (Wakin, 1985): A method that focuses on breaking down a problem or concept into its individual components or elements. Participants then explore each component in detail, examining its characteristics, relationships, and potential for generating new ideas.
4. Sequence-Attribute modification matrix: A matrix-based technique where attributes or components of a problem or concept are listed on one axis, and different modifications or variations are listed on the other axis. Participants then explore combinations of attributes and modifications to generate innovative ideas.
5. “Morphological Forced Connections” (D. Koberg and J. Bagnall): A method that combines morphological analysis with forced connections. Participants generate a morphological matrix with different attributes or variables and then force connections or combinations between these variables to generate new ideas.

II. The classic methods of activating creativity

Creative problem-solving techniques

1. Method of catalogue (F. Kunze): A technique that involves creating a catalog or collection of ideas, concepts, or examples relevant to the problem or challenge at hand. Participants can draw inspiration from the catalog and use it as a springboard for generating new ideas.
2. Focal Objects Method (Ch. Whiting).
Participants select a focal object or image and generate ideas by associating or connecting the object with the problem or challenge. It stimulates metaphorical thinking, lateral connections, and the exploration of alternative perspectives.

3. Forced Analogy (R. Olson): Participants intentionally draw analogies between unrelated concepts or domains to generate new ideas. It promotes creative thinking by leveraging the similarities and associations between seemingly unrelated subjects.
4. Forced Transfer and Forced Comparisons (J. Wyckoff): Techniques that involve intentionally transferring ideas, concepts, or features from one context or domain to another. Participants explore the possibilities and implications of transferring or comparing elements across different domains to generate fresh insights and ideas.
5. Interrogatories Techniques: A method that involves asking probing questions to uncover hidden assumptions, challenge preconceived notions, and stimulate critical thinking. It encourages participants to dig deeper, question assumptions, and explore alternative perspectives.
6. Kipling technique  (5Ws/H).
Kipling technique (5Ws/H): Based on Rudyard Kipling’s poem “I Keep Six Honest Serving Men,” this technique prompts participants to ask and answer the questions: What, Why, When, Where, Who, and How. It helps in exploring different dimensions of a problem or situation and generating ideas from multiple angles.

7. Idea-Spurring Questions Techniques, Checklists: Various techniques involve using specific question prompts or checklists to stimulate idea generation. These prompts can be designed to challenge assumptions, explore different perspectives, or generate new possibilities. Examples include G. Polya’s questions, T. Eiloart’s techniques, R. Crawford’s techniques, J. Pearson’s techniques, and A. Osborn’s checklists.
8. Associations technique, method of garlands of coincidences and associations (G. Bush): Participants freely associate ideas, concepts, or words to generate new connections and insights. It leverages the power of association and encourages the exploration of unconventional links between different elements.
9. Free Association Activities: Participants engage in activities that encourage free-flowing and spontaneous associations of ideas or words. It promotes unconstrained thinking, fosters creativity, and allows for unexpected connections and combinations.
10. Analogy Technique. Participants draw analogies between different concepts, situations, or domains to generate new ideas or perspectives. It taps into the power of analogy to transfer insights or solutions from one context to another.
11. Metaphorical Thinking (G. Morgan): Using metaphors as a tool for creative thinking and problem-solving. Participants explore how different metaphors can provide new perspectives, insights, and solutions to the problem at hand.
12. Visual Thinking Technique (R. McKim): Utilizing visual elements, such as sketches, diagrams, or visualizations, to enhance the creative thinking process. Visual thinking allows for the exploration and communication of ideas in a non-linear and visually engaging manner.
13. Guided Visualization, Imageworks: A technique that involves guided imagery and visualization to stimulate creative thinking. Participants are guided through a process of mentally imagining different scenarios, concepts, or solutions to generate new ideas.
14. Reversal method, Problem Reversal (Ch. Thompson): Involves reversing or challenging the problem statement or assumptions to stimulate unconventional thinking. By considering the opposite or inverse of the problem, new perspectives and alternative solutions can emerge.
15. Mind mapping (T  Buzan.): A visual technique that involves creating a hierarchical diagram to visually represent ideas, concepts, and their relationships. Mind mapping encourages free association, nonlinear thinking, and the exploration of connections between different elements.
16. Lateral Thinking (de Bono E.): A systematic approach to problem-solving that involves breaking free from conventional thinking patterns. Lateral thinking encourages the exploration of alternative ideas, perspectives, and solutions by challenging assumptions and thinking outside the box.
17. Six Thinking Hats Technique (de Bono E): A method that assigns different “hats” to participants, each representing a different thinking mode or perspective. By considering different angles, such as facts, emotions, benefits, risks, and creative ideas, participants can explore a problem from various viewpoints.
18. Concept Fan, Provocation Technique (de Bono E.): Involves generating provocative statements or concepts related to the problem at hand. These provocative statements challenge traditional thinking and can lead to unconventional solutions and fresh insights.

TRIZ – Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

TRIZ is a systematic problem-solving methodology that originated in Russia. It provides a set of principles, patterns, and tools to analyze problems and generate innovative solutions. TRIZ emphasizes the identification of contradictions and the use of inventive principles to overcome them.
These methods offer different approaches to stimulate creative thinking, leverage visualization, challenge assumptions, and provide systematic problem-solving frameworks to generate innovative solutions.

Classical variant (G.S. Altshuller) and its modern modifications
• Theoretical background and basic principles of TRIZ;
• Formula for victory over the task:
– Identification of key contradictions,
– Definition of an Ideal Final Result,
– Resource-efficient utilization.
• Algorithm of problems solving, application of the method for solving real-world business and  life problems;

III. Special and modern methods of creativity activation

1. Wishful Thinking  Technique (A. VanGundy).
Encourages participants to think without limitations or constraints and imagine ideal solutions or outcomes. It allows for uninhibited exploration of possibilities and can lead to innovative ideas.

2. Progressive Abstraction Technique (H. Geschka): Involves progressively abstracting or distilling a problem or concept to its essential elements. Participants refine and simplify the problem, focusing on the core aspects to generate novel ideas and solutions.
3. Multiple Redefinition (T. Rickards): Participants redefine the problem or challenge multiple times from different perspectives. Each redefinition opens up new possibilities and insights, expanding the range of potential solutions.
4. Reframing Matrix (M. Morgan): A matrix-based technique where participants systematically reframe the problem or situation from different perspectives or dimensions. It helps in uncovering alternative interpretations, viewpoints, and solutions.
5. Algorithm of Relations (H. Crovitz): A structured approach that explores the relationships between various elements, factors, or variables related to the problem. By analyzing these relationships, participants can identify new connections, patterns, or insights.
6. Decomposable Matrices Technique (H. Simon): Involves breaking down a problem into its constituent parts or dimensions and analyzing them separately. Participants explore each component or aspect to generate ideas and solutions that can then be synthesized.
7. Disjointed Incrementalism Technique (D. Braybrooke, C. Lindblom): Encourages participants to approach problem-solving incrementally and in disjointed steps rather than seeking a comprehensive solution all at once. It promotes iterative thinking and allows for gradual progress toward a solution.
8. Focus Groups (R. Merton, E. Dichter): Bring together a group of individuals with diverse backgrounds and perspectives to discuss and generate ideas about a specific topic or problem. The group dynamics and interactions stimulate idea generation and encourage collective thinking.
9. Force-Field Analysis Technique (K. Lewin): A method that identifies and analyzes the driving and restraining forces influencing a particular problem or situation. By understanding these forces, participants can generate strategies to enhance the driving forces and mitigate the restraining forces.
10. Boundary Examination Technique: Involves exploring the boundaries and constraints of a problem or challenge. Participants examine the limitations and assumptions to identify new possibilities and alternative approaches.
11. Bug List Technique: Participants generate a list of “bugs” or flaws associated with a product, service, or process. This technique helps identify areas for improvement and stimulates idea generation for resolving these issues.
12. Modeling: Involves creating physical or conceptual models to represent a problem, system, or solution. Models provide a tangible representation that can be manipulated and explored to gain insights, test ideas, and generate innovative solutions.
13. Lotus Blossom Technique: A structured brainstorming method that expands on the basic idea of mind mapping. It involves creating a central idea or problem and branching it out into multiple sub-ideas or potential solutions, allowing for extensive exploration and idea generation.
14. DO IT (R. Olsen): DO IT stands for Define, Operate, Investigate, Test. It is a problem-solving method that involves systematically defining the problem, operating on potential solutions, investigating different approaches, and testing the most promising solutions to arrive at a resolution.
15. Eight Disciplines Problem Solving: An eight-step problem-solving method commonly used in engineering and manufacturing industries. It involves defining the problem, establishing a team, conducting root cause analysis, developing and implementing solutions, and establishing measures to prevent future occurrences.
16. Simplex (M. Basadur): A structured problem-solving process that combines divergent and convergent thinking. It involves four stages: problem finding, problem definition, solution finding, and solution implementation. Simplex emphasizes iterative thinking and encourages collaboration.
17. Osborn-Parnes Model of CPS: A comprehensive model of Creative Problem Solving (CPS) that includes several stages: fact-finding, problem-finding, idea-finding, solution-finding, and acceptance-finding. It provides a systematic framework for generating and evaluating ideas to solve complex problems.
18. Disney Creativity Strategy (R. Dilts): Based on the creative approach of Walt Disney, it involves adopting different thinking roles: the dreamer, the realist, and the critic. Each role provides a unique perspective on the problem, allowing for imaginative idea generation, practical evaluation, and critical analysis.
19. Unconscious Problem Solving: Techniques that tap into the unconscious mind to stimulate creative thinking and problem-solving. Examples include working with dreams and images, using the 3B (bus, bed, bath) technique to allow ideas to emerge during relaxation, fishhooking to uncover unexpected connections, and free writing/wet inking to bypass conscious barriers.
20. Indirect Strategies (B. Anno, P. Schmidt): Approaches that involve indirect methods to stimulate creative thinking, such as using metaphors, analogies, or lateral thinking techniques. These strategies encourage participants to approach problems from unconventional angles, leading to unique and innovative solutions.
21. Other Sensory Languages (D. Adams): Expanding the use of different sensory modalities, such as visual, auditory, kinesthetic, or olfactory, to stimulate creative thinking. Engaging multiple sensory channels can enhance idea generation and provide alternative perspectives.
22. Surfacing Assumptions Technique: A method that involves identifying and examining the underlying assumptions associated with a problem or situation. By surfacing and questioning these assumptions, new perspectives and possibilities can emerge, leading to innovative solutions.
23. Left-Right Brain Alternations Technique: An approach that encourages alternating between logical, analytical thinking (left brain) and intuitive, creative thinking (right brain). This technique leverages the strengths of both hemispheres to enhance problem-solving and idea generation.
24. Peaceful Setting Technique: Creating a calm and peaceful environment to stimulate creative thinking. This technique recognizes the importance of a relaxed and focused mindset in fostering creativity and encourages individuals to find a peaceful setting that helps them generate innovative ideas.
25. What-If Technique: A method that involves exploring hypothetical scenarios and asking “What if?” questions to challenge existing assumptions and encourage out-of-the-box thinking. By considering alternative possibilities, new insights and creative solutions can emerge.
26. Playing and Humorous Approach: Adopting a playful and light-hearted mindset to stimulate creativity. This approach encourages individuals to engage in creative activities, games, or exercises that promote a relaxed and enjoyable atmosphere, fostering imaginative thinking and idea generation.
27. Edison Technique, Method “Trial and Error”: Inspired by Thomas Edison’s approach to invention, this method involves embracing experimentation and learning through trial and error. It encourages individuals to explore multiple ideas, prototype solutions, and iterate based on feedback, ultimately leading to innovative outcomes.
28. Manipulative Verbs Technique: Using action-oriented or manipulative verbs to stimulate creative thinking. By replacing ordinary or passive verbs with more dynamic and engaging ones, this technique encourages individuals to think actively and generate fresh perspectives and ideas.
29. “Scamper” (B. Eberle): An acronym that stands for Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to another use, Eliminate, and Reverse/Rearrange. This technique prompts individuals to consider these different strategies for idea generation and problem-solving, sparking innovative thinking.
30. “Transform” (D. Iain, D. Berg): A method that involves transforming elements of a problem or situation to generate creative insights and solutions. It encourages individuals to challenge assumptions, change perspectives, and seek unconventional approaches, leading to transformative outcomes.
31. Wise Counsel Technique (S. Parnes): Seeking advice and guidance from wise and knowledgeable individuals who can offer different perspectives and insights. This technique involves consulting experts, mentors, or trusted advisors to gain valuable input and stimulate creative thinking.
32. System “The Universal Traveler” (D. Koberg, J. Bagnal): A systematic approach to problem-solving and creative thinking, incorporating multiple techniques and tools. It provides a structured framework for navigating the creative process, from problem definition to idea generation and implementation.
33. System “Playful Perception Technique” (H. Left) and other Creative Techniques. The essence of this method revolves around exploring perception and the ways in which it can be influenced by playfulness. Leff suggests that by engaging in a playful mindset, individuals can enhance their ability to perceive and interpret the world around them. The paper discusses various techniques and exercises through which playfulness can be utilized to heighten perceptual experiences. This approach encourages individuals to embrace curiosity, novelty, and creativity to deepen their understanding of perception.

Markov, S.L. (2010). Metody activisazii tvorchestva I tvorcheskogo vyrishennia upravlinskich problem/O.Zaharov [Methods for activating creativity and creative managerial problem solving]. Pravnychyi visnyk universitetu “KROK”, 6, 38-45.