Muhammad
Mohammed, Mohamet, Muhammed
Abu al-Qasim Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusai ibn Kilab
(April 20, са. 570, Mecca Arabia (now Saudi Arabia)- June 8, 632 Medina) (aged 63)
Nationality: Saudi Arabia
Category: Votaries оf Spirit
Occupation: Spiritual teachers
Specification: Islam
Unique distinction: Founder of Islam, accepted by Muslims throughout the world as the last of the prophets of God
Gender: Male
Nationality: Saudi Arabia
Category: Votaries оf Spirit
Occupation: Spiritual teachers
Specification: Islam
Unique distinction: Founder of Islam, accepted by Muslims throughout the world as the last of the prophets of God
Gender: Male
Muhammad Quotes:
1. Kindness is a mark of faith, and whoever has not kindness has not faith.
2. O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have right over you.
3. Even as the fingers of the two hands are equal, so are human beings equal to one another. No one has any right, nor any preference to claim over another. You are brothers. 4. Avoid cruelty and injustice for, on the Day of Judgement, the same will turn into several darknesses; and guard yourselves against miserliness; for this has ruined nations who lived before you.
5. Do not betray, do not be excessive, do not kill a newborn child.
6. The best among you are those who are best to their wives.
7. The ink of the scholar is more sacred than the blood of the martyr.
8. Remember God in prosperity, and He will remember you in adversity.
9. Every good act is charity. Your smiling in your brother’s face is charity… putting a wanderer in the right path is charity; assisting the blind is charity; removing stones and thorns and other obstructions from the road is charity; giving water to the thirsty is charity. 10. A man’s true wealth hereafter is the good he does in this world to his fellowmen.
11. You will not enter paradise until you have faith. And you will not complete your faith until you love one another.
12. The worldly comforts are not for me. I am like a traveller, who takes rest under a tree in the shade and then goes on his way.
13. Strive always to excel in virtue and truth.
14. To overcome evil with good is good, to resist evil by evil is evil.
15. The greatest of wealth is the richness of the soul.
16. It is better to sit alone than in company with the bad, and it is better still to sit with the good than alone. It is better to speak to a seeker of knowledge than to remain silent, but silence is better than idle words.
1. Kindness is a mark of faith, and whoever has not kindness has not faith.
2. O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have right over you.
3. Even as the fingers of the two hands are equal, so are human beings equal to one another. No one has any right, nor any preference to claim over another. You are brothers. 4. Avoid cruelty and injustice for, on the Day of Judgement, the same will turn into several darknesses; and guard yourselves against miserliness; for this has ruined nations who lived before you.
5. Do not betray, do not be excessive, do not kill a newborn child.
6. The best among you are those who are best to their wives.
7. The ink of the scholar is more sacred than the blood of the martyr.
8. Remember God in prosperity, and He will remember you in adversity.
9. Every good act is charity. Your smiling in your brother’s face is charity… putting a wanderer in the right path is charity; assisting the blind is charity; removing stones and thorns and other obstructions from the road is charity; giving water to the thirsty is charity. 10. A man’s true wealth hereafter is the good he does in this world to his fellowmen.
11. You will not enter paradise until you have faith. And you will not complete your faith until you love one another.
12. The worldly comforts are not for me. I am like a traveller, who takes rest under a tree in the shade and then goes on his way.
13. Strive always to excel in virtue and truth.
14. To overcome evil with good is good, to resist evil by evil is evil.
15. The greatest of wealth is the richness of the soul.
16. It is better to sit alone than in company with the bad, and it is better still to sit with the good than alone. It is better to speak to a seeker of knowledge than to remain silent, but silence is better than idle words.
Achievements and contributions:
Social position: Muhammad is the spiritual teacher, a prophet of Islam, political and military leader.
The main contribution to (Best known for): Muhammad is the founder of the religion of Islam. He founded the Muslim community. His great achievement was the uniting of the Arab tribes. At Medina, he built his model theocratic state and from there ruled his rapidly growing empire. Muhammad established a new powerful polity from the Atlantic to the Indus River, that later developed into the Arab Empire or Caliphate.
The main contribution to (Best known for): Muhammad is the founder of the religion of Islam. He founded the Muslim community. His great achievement was the uniting of the Arab tribes. At Medina, he built his model theocratic state and from there ruled his rapidly growing empire. Muhammad established a new powerful polity from the Atlantic to the Indus River, that later developed into the Arab Empire or Caliphate.
Contributions:
Muhammad is the founder of the religion of Islam (meaning “submission”) and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and the last of the prophet of God (Arabic: Allāh).
He was a religious, political and military leader, a moral and social reformer, who founded the Muslim community.
Muslims consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets.
Muslims believe that the Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet and messenger of God, “Seal of the Prophets”. Moreover, Muslims traditionally agree upon that Muhammad received the final revelation in the form of the Qur’an for all mankind, for all time.
He was a religious, political and military leader, a moral and social reformer, who founded the Muslim community.
Muslims consider him the restorer of an uncorrupted original monotheistic faith (islām) of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets.
Muslims believe that the Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet and messenger of God, “Seal of the Prophets”. Moreover, Muslims traditionally agree upon that Muhammad received the final revelation in the form of the Qur’an for all mankind, for all time.
Six favours
According to the Qur’an God has bestowed upon Muhammad six favours.
Muhammad said:
Muhammad said:
“I have been endowed with the gift of pithy and perfect speech.
I was granted victory owing to my awe.
The spoils of war were made lawful unto me.
The whole earth has been made the place of worship for me and it has become the means of purification for me also.
I have been sent by Allah to carry His Divine message to the whole world.
And the line of prophets has come to its final end in me”.
I was granted victory owing to my awe.
The spoils of war were made lawful unto me.
The whole earth has been made the place of worship for me and it has become the means of purification for me also.
I have been sent by Allah to carry His Divine message to the whole world.
And the line of prophets has come to its final end in me”.
His fundamental teachings:
– There is one God;
– people must in all things submit to Him;
– in this world, nations have been amply punished for rejecting God’s prophets, and heaven and hell are waiting for the present generation;
– the world will come to an end with great judgment.
The Five Pillars of Islam (Sunni) – the five basic devotional-ritual duties of Islam, were stated in the Muhammad teaching
1. Shahada (profession of faith)”testifying that ‘There is no god but God and Mohammad is the Messenger of God’;”
2. Salah (prayers), “five daily prayer services;”
3. Zakat (giving of alms, specifically during Ramadan) “almsgiving;”
4. Sawm (fasting) “fasting during daylight in the month of Ramadan,”
5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca, home of the Masjid al-Haram (The Sacred Mosque), the most famous Islamic mosque).
He included as religious duties frequent prayer and almsgiving, and he forbade usury.
The ethical system of Islam includes some main principles which allow all people to live in love, peace, and harmony. One of the great contributions of Mohammad in the development of social relationships is his affirmation of the principles of universal brotherhood and the doctrine of the equality of mankind. In Islam, all races and ethnicities are equal and women are equal to men in humanity but they have different responsibilities.
Muslims are ordered to respect other people’s beliefs even atheists. Hate against other cultures and religions is prohibited.
Muhammad said: Respect your parents and love them even if they treat you wrong. Help others whenever you can, giving to the poor is a must.
Thus, Muslims should respect every living thing (including plants). Murdering the peaceful is strictly prohibited in the Qur’an (“killing one person is like killing all of mankind”).
Robbery, cheating, breaking promises, lying, and dis-modesty Prostitution Alcohols and drugs are prohibited.
It is recognized, that Allah is seeing everything people do. One of the greatest life lessons from Muhammad’s service is the importance of the fulfilment of one’s own destiny and the value of sustained efforts and right actions.
“God loves those who do good.” (Quran 3:134).
“Allah is with those who fulfil their duty and with those who are good-doers”.(Surat an-Nahl: 127-128).
In 632 after completing the pilgrimage to Mecca, Muhammad delivered a famous speech known as The Farewell Sermon. In this sermon, Muhammad said:
… you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you… All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; white has no superiority over black, nor does a black have any superiority over white; none have superiority over another except by piety and good action.
“Today I have perfected your religion, and completed my favours for you and chosen Islam as a religion for you.” (Qur’an 5:3).
Among his last words were: “We the community of Prophets are not inherited. Whatever we leave is for charity.”
– people must in all things submit to Him;
– in this world, nations have been amply punished for rejecting God’s prophets, and heaven and hell are waiting for the present generation;
– the world will come to an end with great judgment.
The Five Pillars of Islam (Sunni) – the five basic devotional-ritual duties of Islam, were stated in the Muhammad teaching
1. Shahada (profession of faith)”testifying that ‘There is no god but God and Mohammad is the Messenger of God’;”
2. Salah (prayers), “five daily prayer services;”
3. Zakat (giving of alms, specifically during Ramadan) “almsgiving;”
4. Sawm (fasting) “fasting during daylight in the month of Ramadan,”
5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca, home of the Masjid al-Haram (The Sacred Mosque), the most famous Islamic mosque).
He included as religious duties frequent prayer and almsgiving, and he forbade usury.
The ethical system of Islam includes some main principles which allow all people to live in love, peace, and harmony. One of the great contributions of Mohammad in the development of social relationships is his affirmation of the principles of universal brotherhood and the doctrine of the equality of mankind. In Islam, all races and ethnicities are equal and women are equal to men in humanity but they have different responsibilities.
Muslims are ordered to respect other people’s beliefs even atheists. Hate against other cultures and religions is prohibited.
Muhammad said: Respect your parents and love them even if they treat you wrong. Help others whenever you can, giving to the poor is a must.
Thus, Muslims should respect every living thing (including plants). Murdering the peaceful is strictly prohibited in the Qur’an (“killing one person is like killing all of mankind”).
Robbery, cheating, breaking promises, lying, and dis-modesty Prostitution Alcohols and drugs are prohibited.
It is recognized, that Allah is seeing everything people do. One of the greatest life lessons from Muhammad’s service is the importance of the fulfilment of one’s own destiny and the value of sustained efforts and right actions.
“God loves those who do good.” (Quran 3:134).
“Allah is with those who fulfil their duty and with those who are good-doers”.(Surat an-Nahl: 127-128).
In 632 after completing the pilgrimage to Mecca, Muhammad delivered a famous speech known as The Farewell Sermon. In this sermon, Muhammad said:
… you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you… All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; white has no superiority over black, nor does a black have any superiority over white; none have superiority over another except by piety and good action.
“Today I have perfected your religion, and completed my favours for you and chosen Islam as a religion for you.” (Qur’an 5:3).
Among his last words were: “We the community of Prophets are not inherited. Whatever we leave is for charity.”
Muhammad – political and military leader
Muhammad was also active as a diplomat, merchant, philosopher, orator, legislator, reformer, and military general. His great achievement was the uniting of the Arab tribes. At Medina, he built his model theocratic state and from there ruled his rapidly growing empire. Muhammad established a new powerful polity from the Atlantic to the Indus River, that later developed into the Arab Empire or Caliphate.
Major works: The Quran – the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe was verbally revealed by Allah to Muhammad. The Quran was compiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts of it.
Major works: The Quran – the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe was verbally revealed by Allah to Muhammad. The Quran was compiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts of it.
Life and Ministry:
Origin: He was born in 570 in the Arabian city of Mecca. Muhammad was the son of Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib a merchant of the ruling tribe and his wife Amina.
Education: He did not attend any school and had not been trained by any teacher. But he possessed the highest degree of wisdom, awareness and renown for the eloquence of his language.
The life and ministry of Muhammad
The first revelation (610). According to Islamic beliefs, at age 40, in the year 610 in the month of Ramadan, Muhammad received his first revelation from God. Archangel Gabriel visited him in the cave of the mountain of Hira near Mecca and informed Muhammad that he was the messenger of God. Gabriel commanded him to recite verses sent by God said to Muhammad: “Iqraa,” meaning Read or Recite. Also, Gabriel orders him to preach the Message.
These revelations continued until his death twenty-three years later. The content of these revelations, known as Islam’s holy book, the Qur’an was memorized and recorded by his followers and compiled into a single volume shortly after his death.
Preaching and resistance (613-621). Three years after he began to preach publicly (c. 613), urging the rich to give to the poor and calling for the destruction of idols. In his first years, Muhammad made few converts and gained disciples and followers. Muhammad’s wife Khadijah and his uncle Abu Talib both died in 619, the year thus being known as the “year of sorrow”.
Night Journey. Islamic tradition relates, that around the year 621, Muhammad experienced the Isra and Mi’raj, a miraculous journey with the angel Gabriel in one night. They both mounted a white-winged horse Al-Burāq and began the journey to Jerusalem where he met Abraham and Moses. Then they went on a journey that transcended time and space through the seven heavens. Most Muslims consider it a physical journey while others say it happened spiritually through a metaphorical vision.
Madina and the rise to power (622-630). In 622 the leaders of the Quraish decided to kill the Prophet. Gabriel informed the Prophet of the plan and instructed him to leave Mecca immediately.
On 24 September 622, he and his remaining followers in Mecca migrated to Medina (then known as Yathrib). This flight, known as the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic era.. This year marks the beginning of the Muslim Hijra calendar: 1A.H. ( After Hijra).
In Medina, Muhammad united the conflicting tribes of the Arabian Peninsula into a federation of allied tribes with its capital at Medina. In Medina, Muhammad married several women, mostly for political or humanitarian reasons.
After eight years of fighting with the Meccan tribes, Muhammad enforced his position in the region, through some successful military campaigns. His renown increased, and in 629 he made a pilgrimage to Mecca without interference.
In 630 he marched against Mecca, which fell without a fight. He declared an amnesty for past offences and converted Most Meccans to Islam. Thus he won control of all of Arabia and became Ruler of the Muslims.
Education: He did not attend any school and had not been trained by any teacher. But he possessed the highest degree of wisdom, awareness and renown for the eloquence of his language.
The life and ministry of Muhammad
The first revelation (610). According to Islamic beliefs, at age 40, in the year 610 in the month of Ramadan, Muhammad received his first revelation from God. Archangel Gabriel visited him in the cave of the mountain of Hira near Mecca and informed Muhammad that he was the messenger of God. Gabriel commanded him to recite verses sent by God said to Muhammad: “Iqraa,” meaning Read or Recite. Also, Gabriel orders him to preach the Message.
These revelations continued until his death twenty-three years later. The content of these revelations, known as Islam’s holy book, the Qur’an was memorized and recorded by his followers and compiled into a single volume shortly after his death.
Preaching and resistance (613-621). Three years after he began to preach publicly (c. 613), urging the rich to give to the poor and calling for the destruction of idols. In his first years, Muhammad made few converts and gained disciples and followers. Muhammad’s wife Khadijah and his uncle Abu Talib both died in 619, the year thus being known as the “year of sorrow”.
Night Journey. Islamic tradition relates, that around the year 621, Muhammad experienced the Isra and Mi’raj, a miraculous journey with the angel Gabriel in one night. They both mounted a white-winged horse Al-Burāq and began the journey to Jerusalem where he met Abraham and Moses. Then they went on a journey that transcended time and space through the seven heavens. Most Muslims consider it a physical journey while others say it happened spiritually through a metaphorical vision.
Madina and the rise to power (622-630). In 622 the leaders of the Quraish decided to kill the Prophet. Gabriel informed the Prophet of the plan and instructed him to leave Mecca immediately.
On 24 September 622, he and his remaining followers in Mecca migrated to Medina (then known as Yathrib). This flight, known as the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic era.. This year marks the beginning of the Muslim Hijra calendar: 1A.H. ( After Hijra).
In Medina, Muhammad united the conflicting tribes of the Arabian Peninsula into a federation of allied tribes with its capital at Medina. In Medina, Muhammad married several women, mostly for political or humanitarian reasons.
After eight years of fighting with the Meccan tribes, Muhammad enforced his position in the region, through some successful military campaigns. His renown increased, and in 629 he made a pilgrimage to Mecca without interference.
In 630 he marched against Mecca, which fell without a fight. He declared an amnesty for past offences and converted Most Meccans to Islam. Thus he won control of all of Arabia and became Ruler of the Muslims.
Personal life:
Muhammad’s father Abdallah died almost six months before he was born. He lost his mother when he was 6 and became fully orphaned. Muhammad was put in the care of his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib for 2 years, and after that with his uncle Abu Talib, until he reached a mature age. He grew up to be a successful and wealthy merchant.
In the year 595, when he was 25, he married Khadija, a wealthy widow at the age of 40. The marriage lasted for 25 years, was a happy one and he had no other wife in Khadija’s lifetime. He had with her six children – four daughters and two sons, who both died in childhood. All except two of his daughters, Fatimah and Zainab, died before him. Discontented with life in Mecca, he, from time to time, retreated to a cave in the surrounding mountains for meditation and reflection.
Muhammad is one of the most influential figures in history. Islamic tradition stresses his exclusively human nature. He lived a most simple, austere and modest life. He used to spend one- to two-thirds of every night in prayer and meditation.
Mohammed is said to have been of sturdy build, with a prominent forehead, a hooked nose, large brownish-black eyes, and a pleasant smile. He showed great tact in his dealings with people and when appropriate, gentleness and even tenderness.
Muhammad is still served as an example for all Muslims and perceived as the ultimate subject of emulation.
He made his last journey to Mecca in 632, establishing the rites of the Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca. A few months after returning to Medina, Muhammad fell ill and died in his favourite wife A’isha’s arms, on Monday, June 8, 632, at the age of 63.
He is buried where he died, which was in Aisha’s house and is now housed within the Mosque of the Prophet in the city of Medina.
In the year 595, when he was 25, he married Khadija, a wealthy widow at the age of 40. The marriage lasted for 25 years, was a happy one and he had no other wife in Khadija’s lifetime. He had with her six children – four daughters and two sons, who both died in childhood. All except two of his daughters, Fatimah and Zainab, died before him. Discontented with life in Mecca, he, from time to time, retreated to a cave in the surrounding mountains for meditation and reflection.
Muhammad is one of the most influential figures in history. Islamic tradition stresses his exclusively human nature. He lived a most simple, austere and modest life. He used to spend one- to two-thirds of every night in prayer and meditation.
Mohammed is said to have been of sturdy build, with a prominent forehead, a hooked nose, large brownish-black eyes, and a pleasant smile. He showed great tact in his dealings with people and when appropriate, gentleness and even tenderness.
Muhammad is still served as an example for all Muslims and perceived as the ultimate subject of emulation.
He made his last journey to Mecca in 632, establishing the rites of the Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca. A few months after returning to Medina, Muhammad fell ill and died in his favourite wife A’isha’s arms, on Monday, June 8, 632, at the age of 63.
He is buried where he died, which was in Aisha’s house and is now housed within the Mosque of the Prophet in the city of Medina.
